[摘要]近些年企业的平均劳动生产率大大超过国内企业,导致国内市场产品大量剩余,形成大规模出口,占据了中国经济增长的40%。刘光溪(2005)指出,国际收支近十几年来的持续双顺差和外汇储备的急剧攀升,说明我国外向型经济存在较严重的非均衡发展,应从根本上着力进行政策规范、体制改革、结构调整、转变增长方式。钟山(2009)也提出相似观点,认为国内外贸易的限制措施是顺差得以扩大的政策性原因,国家需要营造良好环境,以此来缓解过度出口的不平衡压力。孙彩梅(2007)认为,贸易顺差的深层次原因是我国对贸易顺差的观念滞后,认为贸易的重点在于出口,对于保持贸易平衡的措施相对较少。
(二)人民币汇率的影响
alicia garcía-herrero and tuuli koivu(2007)运用经验数据,通过建立双边进口等式,发现外贸进口随着人民币的升值而减少,而这部分减少主要来源于东南亚国家的进口减少,这反映出“亚洲生产企业会将大量产品生产链移向海外转移,在本国内重点企业,大部分都是技术含量较低的论坛,2009,(1).
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