| 临床常见非发酵菌分布特征及耐药性分析 |
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【摘要】 目的 监测临床常见非发酵病原菌的分布及耐药性的现状，为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法 临床标本按常规分离培养，用法国梅里埃ATB分析系统鉴定菌种，药敏试验数据采用KB纸片法，按NCCLS规定的标准进行。结果 从2006年10月至2008年6月共获得140株非发酵革兰阴性杆菌，其中列前3位的非发酵革兰阴性杆菌114株(占81.4%)，分别是铜绿假单胞菌75株(53.6%)，不动杆菌属22株(15.7%)，嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌17株(12.1％)，主要来源于痰、分泌物及中段尿。铜绿假单胞菌、不动杆菌属对亚胺培南、美罗培南、替卡西林／棒酸的耐药率均<20％，对阿米卡星、哌拉西林的耐药率在33%～43%；对三代头孢耐药率分别在37%～59%；嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌是非发酵革兰阴性杆菌中耐药率最高的菌株，其对亚胺培南天然耐药，对替卡西林／棒酸、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、左氧氟沙星耐药率较低，均≤21％。结论 非发酵革兰阴性杆菌是临床感染的主要病原菌之一，特别是铜绿假单胞菌、不动杆菌属、嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌，其耐药性差异有统计学意义。
【关键词】 非发酵革兰阴性杆菌; 耐药性; 抗菌药物; 分析
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the isolation and antimicrobial resistance of nonfermentative Gramnegative bacmi(NFGNB) to provide laboratory evidence for clinically selecting antibiotics．Methods All samples were identified by routine procedure and bioMérieux ATB autosystem，and KB paper disk diffusionin accordance with NCCLS standards was employed for drug sensitivity tests．Results There were 140 strains of NFGNB isolated from Octomber 2006 to June 2008，mainly from sputum ，middle urine and secretion．The main NFGNB were Pseudomonas aeruginosa，Acinetobacter spp and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia．The dominant strains were Pseudomonas aeruginosa(53.6％)，Acinetobacter spp (15.7％)，Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (12.1％ ). The resistance rates of P．aeruginosa and Acinetobacter to cefoperaxone／sulbactam，amikacin，cefepime and meropenem were all less than 20%． The resistance rate of S．maltophilia was the highest among the NFGNB．Its resistance rates to imipenem／cilastatin were 100%. The resistant rates of S．maltophilia to ticarcillin／Clavulanic acid，piperacillintazobactam and levofloxacin were less than 21% ．Conclusions The NFGNB are the important pathogens causing clinical infection，especially P．aeruginosa，A．baumannii and S．maltophilia．There are significant differences in antimicrobial resistance amon [1] [2] [3] 下一页 |
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