摘要棉花具有十分明显的杂种优势,棉花细胞质雄性不育在棉花杂种优势的利用上具有重要作用。利用棉花细胞质雄性不育和育性恢复系统突破传统人工去雄杂交育种的瓶颈,为棉花杂交种制种的商业化推广展现了光明的前景。综述了近年来棉花细胞质雄性不育在细胞学、生理生化、分子生物学和育性恢复4个方面的研究进展。详细阐明了棉花细胞质雄性不育小孢子败育时期及细胞学形态、生理生化指标研究、胞内基因组和核内恢复基因的分子生物学研究和获得理想恢复系的方法,并提出了研究中存在的主要问题,展望了今后工作的研究方向。
关键词棉花;细胞质雄性不育;育性恢复
abstractthere is fully apparent heterosis in cotton. cytoplasmic male sterility(cms) has played an important role in heterosis usage in cotton.cms and utilization of fertility restorer system have made a breakthrough in conquering breeding bottleneck by artificial emasculation and unfolded a bright outlook for promoting commercial production of hybrid seed. research progress of four facials of cytology,physiological and biochemical indexes,molecular biology and fertility restoration on cms in gossypium hirsutum l. during the recent years were reviewed mainly in this paper. in the four facials which were reviewed mainly in this paper,period of microspore abortion and cytological morphology,physiological and biochemical indexes including carbohydrate,amino acid,enzyme and hormone,molecular biology of intracellular genome including chloroplast genome and mitochondrial genome and restoring gene in nucleus and methods of getting ideal and high resilience restorer on cms in gossypium hirsutum l. the objects of introducing all above these things in detail would tell peple current research status of the mechanism on cms in gossypium hirsutum l. and provide some helps for their relevant researches. the problems existing in the present study and the prospect to the future work on cms in gossypium hirsutum l. were proposed,which would provide references for related researchers.
key wordscotton;cytoplasmic male sterility;fertility restoration

棉花是优质纤维、食用油和蛋白集一身的重要经济作物。LoCAlHost如何提高棉花品种的产量、品质和抗逆性并使其广泛应用于生产是当前棉花育种亟需解决的问题。杂种优势的利用则为这一问题的解决提供了新的思路,并已在很多植物中得到了广泛的应用。棉花具有十分明显的杂种优势,但目前棉花杂种优势的利用则主要采用人工去雄授粉法和核不育系“一系两用”法,方法繁琐且制种成本高,难以大规模推广应用。而水稻、高粱等作物则主要采用细胞质雄性不育性(cytoplasmic male sterility,cms)实现“三系”配套来大面积利用杂种优势的,操作简便且制种成本低。尽管棉花cms已实现“三系”配套,但由于其恢复源狭窄及不育胞质对杂种1代皮棉产量所产生的负效应,“三系”杂种棉选育进展缓慢。随着转谷胱甘肽s-转移酶基因(gst)强恢复系“浙大强恢”的育成以及海岛棉中育性增强基因的发现,利用“三系”配套进行棉花大面积的杂种优势利用成为可能[1]。笔者从细胞学、生理生化、分子生物学和育性恢复4个方面综述棉花cms的研究进展,并对目前状况进行了展望。

1棉花cms的细胞学研究

植物雄性不育小孢子的败育时期各异,从花粉母细胞(pollen mother cells,pmcs)的形成到双核花粉粒各个时期都有雄性不育发生的可能,且持续时间比较长,不限于某一特定的时间。对于棉花cms来说,小孢子败育时期的发生主要有3种情况:①主要集中发生于造孢细胞增殖时期。murthi等[2]对哈克尼西棉cms进行细胞学研究的结果表明不育系的雄性败育大多数发生在造孢细胞增殖期,偶尔能形成pmcs,但在减数分裂的前期ⅰ就退化,因此导致雄性不育。而thomber等[3]在美洲棉cms系

[1] [2] [3] [4] 下一页