idence and the quality of practice in federal courts,27 clev.st.l.rev.173.178(1978),p.189.
[48]试比较:vincent v.thompson,377 n.y.s.2d 118(n.y.app.div.1975)(该案判定:间接的禁止反言原则在州最高法院早先的判决中并不存在),letendre v.hartford accident & indem.co.,236 n.e.2d 467(n.y.1968)(该案判定先前的不一致陈述用于证明其内容之真实性时具有可采性)与people v.raja,433 n.y.s.2d 200(sup.ct.1980)(该案判定先前的不一致陈述只有在用于弹劾时才具有可采性).see,faust f.rossi,the federal rules of evidence in retrospect:observations from the 1995 aals evidence section:the federal rules of evidence—past,present,and future:a twenty—year perspective,28 loy.l.a.l.rev.1271(1995).p.1275.
[49]see c.mueller & l.kirkpatrick,evidence under the rules 4(3d ed.1996),p.27;在纽约,至今仍然没有制定成文的证据法典,但是其法院经常援引《联邦证据规则》的规定以判决当前的案件。see,e.g.,people v.settles,46 n.y.2d 154,169,385 n.e.2d 612,620,412 n.y.s.2d 874,883(1978);people v.watson,100 a.d.2d 452,464,474 n.y.s.2d 978,986(2d dept 1984).
[50]saltzburg,supra note,p 184.
[51]jack b.weinstein,margaret a.berger,wienstein’s evidence manual student edition,6th edition,lexisnexis.2003.
[52]dennis d.prater,christine m.arguello,daniel j.capra,michael m.martin and stephen a.saltzburg,evidence:the objection method,michie law publishers.1997.
[53]margaret a.berger,the federal rules of evidence:defining and refining the goals of codification.12 hofstra l.rev.255.257(1984).
[54]frye v.united states,293 f.1013(d.c.cir.1923).
[55]daubert v.merrell dow pharmaceuticals,inc,supreme court of the united states,1993,509 u.s.578.关于弗赖伊案件和多波特案件的具体论述,可参阅易延友:“英美证据法上的专家证言制度及其面临的挑战”,载《环球法律评论》,2007年第3期。
[56]glen weissenberger,the supreme court and the interpretation of the federal rules of evidence,53 ohio st.l.j.1307(1992):glen weissenberger,are the federal rules of evidence a statute?55 ohio st.l.j.393(1994);韦森伯格的观点主要是:《联邦证据规则》只是对普通法上规则的重述,它并未终止法官继续发展出新规则的权力,因此不能简单地将《联邦证据规则》视同于其他法典并以此为基础拘泥于其字面意义加以解释;edward j.imwinkelried,a brief defense of the supreme court’s approach to the interpretation of the federal rulesof evidence,27 ind.l.rev.267(1993)恩温科雷德的观点是,最高法院以《联邦证据规则》的文本为基础对其作出解释的方法是正确的,应当为其辩护。
[57]randolph n.jonakait,the supreme court,plain meaning,and the changed rules of evidence,68 tex.l.rev.745(1990).professor jonakait has argued that recent supreme court decisions have stifled the dynamic quality of evidence law;thomas m.mengler,the theory of discretion in the federal rules of evidence,74 iowa l.rev.413(1989);randolph n.jonakait,text,texts,or ad hoc determinations:interpre
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