ts promptly in state courts rather than coordinate collection efforts with other creditors. the process of individual collection under local law must be halted for a bankruptcy system to function.” schwartz, a contract theory apporach to business bankruptcy, 107 yale l.j. 1807, 1841 (1998); “foreclosure contracts, or stay waivers, should be unenforceable.” schwartz, a normative theory of business bankruptcy, 91 va. l. rev. 1199, 1261 (2005).
[34] rasmussen et al., the economic analysis of corporate bankruptcy law, 3 am. bankr. inst. l. rev. 85, 99 (1995).
[35] 这部法律被称作是“帝国司法法的明珠”——与德国民法典不同的是，这些法律都是“专业与伦理素养均属上选”的法官而非学者的企业破产中，仅有百分之五的案件指定了破产管理人。lopucki, corporate goverance in the bankruptcy reorganization of large, publicly held companies, 141 u. pa. l. rev. 669, 699 (1993). 即便在债务人有明显欺诈行为的enron破产案中，法院也并未指定破产管理人（“如果安然破产都不需要指定破产管理人，那么很难想象还有什么公司非指定破产管理人不可”）。lynn m. lopucki, courting failure: how competition for big cases is corrupting the bankruptcy courts, university of michigan press, 2005, p. 12.
[89] 11 usc § 1129(a)(11).
[90] baird, supra note 27, p. 256; warren et al., supra note 58, p. 701; in re temple zion, 125 b.r. 910, 915 (bankr.e.d.pa. 1991); in re orfa corp. of philadelphia, 129 b.r. 404 (bankr. e.d.pa 1991); in re am. homepatient, inc., 198 b.r. 152 (bankr. m.d.tenn. 2003). 2005年在美国《破产法》的修改中增加了第308条，要求小企业破产重整中，必须向破产法院提供企业的财务信息。
[91] 11 usc § 1129(a)(7)(a)(ii). 这是破产重整的另一项重要标准。虽然文字上的表述清楚明了，但实际操作极为复杂，因为这一判断需要通过对企业资产进行全面评估方能完成，而评估本身是极为灵活的事项。
[92] baird, supra note, 2006, p. 254 f.; in re hrc joint venture, 187 b.r. 202 (bankr. s.d. ohio 1995); in re am. homepatient, inc., 298 b.r. 152 (bankr. m.d.tenn. 2003).
[93] koopmans v. farm credit services of mid-america, aca, 102 f.3d 874 (7thcir. 1996); collier on bankruptcy ¶ 1129.06 [1][c] (rev. 15th ed. 2000).
[94] “…abandonment of the collateral to the creditor would clearly satisfy indubitable equivalence, as would a lien on similar collateral... unsecured notes as to the secured claim or equity securities of the debtor would not be the indubitable equivalent...” 1978 u.s.c.c.a.n. 6544; gerard mccormack, corporate rescue law: an anglo-american perspective, edward elgar publishing limited, 2008, p. 265.
[95] warren et al., supra note 58, pp. 711 ff.
[96] 11 usc § 1129(b)(2).
[97] klee, all you ever wanted to know about cram down under the new bankruptcy code, 53 am. bankr. l. j. 133 (1979).
[98] lopucki, bargaining over equity's share in the bankruptcy reorganizatio

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