4)see daniel e. lnngren, "victims and the exclusionary rule", 19 harv. j.l. & pub. pol'y (1996), 695.
(155)see, e.g., diana majury, seaboyer and gayme, "a study in equality, in confronting sexual assault: a decade of legal and social change", in julian roberts & renate mohr eds. 1994. see regina v. seaboyer 2 s.c.r. [1991] 577 and criminal code 276 as amended s.c. ch. 38, 2(1992)(can.); regina v. daviault 3 s.c.r. [1994] 63 and criminal code 33.1 as amended s.c. ch. 32 1 (1995)(can.); regina v. o'connor 4 s.c.r. [1995] 411 and criminal code 278.1-278.91 as amended s.c. ch. 30 1 (1997)(can.)
(156)see patrick devlin, the enforcement of morals, oxford university press, 1965.
(157)catharine mackinnon, only words, harvard university press, 1993, pp.206-207.
(158)mari matsuda, "public responses to racist speech: considering the victim's story", 87 mich. l. rev. (1989), 2320, 2322-2323. packer十分关注平等问题,但他却在民权运动高涨的时刻从事研究工作,他假设沃伦法院的正当程序判决会保护“城市中的贫民,特别是那些属于少数群体的贫民,受到刑事追究的绝大部分都是这类人群。”herbert l. packer, "the courts, the police and the rest of us", 57 j. crim. l., criminology & police sci. (1966), 238-241.
(159)see robert j. sampson & janet l. lauritson, "racial and ethnic disparities in crime and criminal justice in the united states", 21 ethncity, crime & immigr.(1997), 137.
(160)michael brogden & clifford shearing, policing for a new south africa, routledge, 1993, pp.106-107.
(161)关于反对建立在话语基础之上权利的需求,see michael ignatieff, the needs of strangers, picador, 1984, pp. 9-23; kent roach, "the limits of corrective justice and the potential of equity in constitutional remedies", 33 ariz. l. rev. (1991), 859, 898-903。
(162)see generally lenore walker, the battered women, harper paperbacks, 1979; donald downs, more than victims: battered women, the syndrome society and the law, university of chicago press, 1996.
(163)see david garland, "the limits of the sovereign state", 36 brit. j. criminology (1996), p.453.
(164)see richard tremblay & wendy craig, "developmental crime prevention, in building a safer society: strategic approaches to crime prevention", in michael tonry & david farrington eds., building a safer society, university of chicago press, 1995, pp.151,189-218.
(165)ibid., pp.234, 241.
(166)see ezzat fattah, understanding criminal victimization, prentice-hall, 1993, pp.110-128.
(167)see leroy lamborn, "the un declaration
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