remedies in canada,1994, pp.10.680-10.830; robert harvie & hamar foster, "ties that bind?: the supreme court of canada, american jurisprudence and the revision of the canadian criminal law under the charter", 29 osgoode hall l.j. (1990), 729; kent roach & m. l. friedland, "borderline justice: policing in the two niagaras", 23 am. j. crim. l. (1996), 241.
(112)see michael tonry, malign neglect: race, crime, and punishment in america, oxford university press, 1995. p.vii.
(113)see don stuart, charter justice in canadian criminal law, carswell publication, 1996, pp.1-4.
(114)see peter f. nardulli, "the societal costs of the exclusionary rule", am. b. found. res. j.(1983), 585,606-609.
(115)michael mandel, the charter of rights and freedoms and the legalization of politics in canada, thompson educational publishing, inc., 1994, pp.239-40.
(116)see generally alan c. cairns, reconfigurations: canadian citizenship and constitutional change, mcclleland and steward, 1995; see also frederick l. morton, "the charter revolution and the court party", 30 osgoode hall l.j. (1992) 627,631-635.
(117)herbert l. packer, the limits of the criminal sanction part ii, stanford university press, 1968,p.154.
(118)mirjan r. damaska, the faces of justice and state authority, yale university press, 1986, p.11.
(119)herbert l. packer, the limits of the criminal sanction part ii, stanford university press, 1968, pp.240-241.
(120)john griffiths, "ideology in criminal procedure or a third 'model' of the criminal process", 79 yale l.j.(1970), 359-360.
(121)ibid., 359,371-373.
(122)ibid.
(123)ibid., 359, 388.然而，这一家长式的做法却遭到了正当程序的挑战。
(124)see generally john braithwaite, crime, shame and reiutegration, cambridge university press, 1989.
(125)see generally karl n. llewellyn & e. adamson hoebel, the cheyenne way, university of oklahoma press, 1941.
(126)karl n. llewellyn, jurisprudence: realism in theory and practice, the university of chicage press, 1962, p.448.
(127)karl n. llewellyn, jurisprudence: realism in theory and practice, the university of chicage press, 1962, p.448. murray sinclair法官解释说，“在土著社会中，正义的首要含义就是通过在被告人内心、被告人与被害人及其家庭之间的和解而恢复社区的和平和平衡。”murray sinclair, "aboriginal peoples, justice and the law", in richard gosse etc.. ed., continuing poundmaker's and riel's quest, purich publishing, 1994, p. 178.这一定义包括了恢复性司法和康复性司法(healing)两个方面

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