ight watchman state that the precepts of wealth maximization seem to imply. That is a difficult counterfactual question.” Richard Posner, The Problem of Jurisprudence, Harvard University Press, 1990, p. 387.
[18] Eric Posner, Economic Analysis of Contract Law After Three Decades: Success or Failure?, 112 Yale L.J. 829, 830 (2003).
[19] Eric Posner, supra, pp. 834-839.
[20] Alan Schwartz, The Continuing Puzzle of Secured Debt, 37 Vand. L. Rev. 1051 (1984).
[21] Easterbrook and Fischel, Limited Liability and the Corporation, 52 U. Chi. L. Rev. 89 (1985); Hansmann and Kraakman, Toward Unlimited Shareholder Liability for Corporate Torts, 100 Yale L.J. 1879 (1991); Bainbridge, Abolishing Veil Piercing, 26 Iowa J. Corp. L. 479 (2001).
[22] 面对这些基本问题时，由于规模巨大，全面的经验研究基本不可能：如何准确统计所有诉讼当事人的缴费状态及其胜诉的可能性（尤其这里牵涉到各个国家之间大相径庭的诉讼模式建构，牵涉到具体司法生态中司法资源分配的潜规则，包括可能出现的法律援助和司法救助制度的介入）？
[23] Louis Kaplow & Steven Shavell, Fairness Versus Welfare, Harvard University Press, 2002, pp.457-58.
[24] “It may be impossible to lay solid philosophical foundations under wealth maximization…” Richard Posner, supra n. 76, p. 384.
[25] Id., p. 382.
[26] Richard Posner, Utilitarianism, Economics, and Legal Theory, 8 Journal of Legal Study 103 (1979).
[27] Horst Eidenmüller, a.a.O., S. 178 (Fn. 16).
[28] 我国“实践是检验真理的唯一标准”，本质上也是一种功利主义，或至少是结果主义的思考方式（感谢王轶教授的提示）。
[29] Richard Posner, supra n. 85, p.136. 不过波斯纳在“简化”前面又加了“优美的”（elegant）这一修饰词。
[30] 详见谌洪果：《法律实证主义的功利主义自由观：从边沁到哈特》，《法律科学》2006年第4期。
[31] Mill, Utilitarismus, Parker, Son, and Bourn, West Strand, London, 1863, pp. 5, 77.
[32] “Few human creatures would consent to be changed into any of the lower animals, for a promise of the fullest allowance of a beast's pleasures; no intelligent human being would consent to be a fool, no instructed person would be an ignoramus, no person of feeling and conscience would be selfish and base, even though they should be persuaded that the fool, the dunce, or the rascal is better satisfied with his lot than they are with theirs.”Mill, supra, p. 13. “It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied.” Mill, supra, p. 14.
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