权。see christoph h.schreuer etc.,the icsid convention:a commentary on the convention on the settlement of investment disputes between states and nationals of other states,second edition,cambridge university press,2009,pp.891-1022.
[5]see expert opinion of dean anne-marie slaughter and professor william burke-white of july 19for argentina in sempra case,2005.
[7]see gabriela a.grinblat,non-precluded measures clauses and their effect on foreign investment,19january 2010,http://www.mayerbrown.com/publications/article.asp?id=8228&nid=6,2010-08-29.
[8]不可裁判的争端又称为政治争端、不能提交国际法院或仲裁庭按照法律予以解决的争端。参见王铁崖:《中华法学大辞典国际法学卷》,中国检察出版社1994年版,第56页。
[9]“康纳利保留”由美国在1946年8月14日提出,以美国德克萨斯州议员汤姆·康纳利的名字命名,其实质是限制美国对国际法院强制管辖权的承认。see frank b.ober,the connally reservation and national security,47a.b.a.j.,1961.
[10]see frank b.ober,the connally reservation and national security,47a.b.a.j.,1961.
[11]see lg&e energy corp./lg&e capital corp./lg&e international inc.v.the argentine republic,icsid case no.arb/02/1,decision on liability,3october 2006.
[12]see article xiv(measures not precluded)of the treaty between the government of the united states of america and the government of the republic of albania concerning the encouragement and reciprocal protection of investment,with annex and protocol,signedat washington on january 11,1995;article xiv(measures not precluded)of the treaty between the government of the united states ofamerica and the government of mozambique concerning the encouragement and reciprocal protection of investment,with annex and pro-tocol,signed at washington on december 1,1998.
[12]有学者已经注意到了美式双边投资协定的这种发展趋势,他们担心美式双边投资协定无法为投资者提供完善的保护,并建议投资者考虑利用其他投资协定来保护自身利益。see skadden,new icsid annulment decision exposes possible gap in united states investmenttreaty protection,july 19,2010.[14][15][23][30][34][39]see united nations conference on trade and development,the protection of national security in iias,unctad serieson international investment policies for development,united nations,new york and geneva,2009,p.39,p.72,p.49,pp.40-41,p.72,p.61.
[16]see howard mann etc.,iisd model international agreement on investment for sustainable development,published by the interna-tional institute for sustainable development,april 2005.
[17]当今世界的现实再次证明了投资者可能比东道国更强大。例如,2010年3月26日,美国烟草制造商菲利普-莫里斯国际公司将乌拉圭诉至解决投资争端国际中心,这是对乌拉圭保护公共健康的措施提出挑战。对此,乌拉圭总统何塞·穆希卡指出:“乌拉圭是一个小国,每年的国内生产总值约为440亿美元,而菲利普-莫里斯国际公司的市场资本总值达1 080亿美元,乌拉圭相形见绌”。see 170na-tions,who support uruguay’s legal battl
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